Characteristics of Surface Currents in a Shallow Lagoon–Inlet–Coastal Ocean System Revealed by Surface Drifter Observations

The circulation in a shallow lagoon–inlet–coastal ocean system is significant to material transports (e.g., debris, pollutants, and larvae). To study surface flows this system, we deployed 35 drifters at various tidal phases wind conditions during 2017 2018 the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs). Given that winds tides are two important drivers of estuarine coastal circulation, their influences on drifter trajectories were analyzed. Observations indicate exit (enter) lagoon mostly ebb (flood) currents, clockwise circular movements length scale 1.5 km formed outer edge Ocean City Inlet (OCI). Under weak conditions, primarily responsible for near OCI, whereas both long-fetch relatively larger Chincoteague backbays. strong generally follow directions. In lagoonal relative effects gradually become stronger regions further away from adjacent inlet as weaker. Further investigations fastest slowest small OCI backbays with weakened tides, respectively. direct observations cover wide spatial range long time series can provide support current simulations. Enhanced understanding physical oceanography MCBs be beneficial similar systems communities.